ISO 14021:2016 specifies requirements and guidance for self-declared environmental claims (Type II eco-labels) including: 'recycled content' (must state percentage and pre/post-consumer split), 'recyclable', 'refurbished', 'remanufactured', 'reclaimed', 'reduced energy/water consumption', and 'extended life product.' Claims must be accurate, verifiable, relevant, and not misleading. Adopted by reference in EU, UK, Australian, and Canadian environmental claims enforcement frameworks.
United States / California
CA SB 253
IN EFFECT
Climate Corporate Data Accountability▸
Mandatory Scope 3 primary GHG data disclosure.
CA SB 261
IN EFFECT
Climate-Related Financial Risk▸
Evidence of physical and transition risk resilience.
CA SB 707
IN EFFECT
Responsible Textile Recovery Act▸
Extended Producer Responsibility for apparel and household textiles in California. Producers must register with a state-approved PRO (e.g. Landbell) to fund statewide take-back, collection, and recycling infrastructure.
FTC 16 CFR Part 260
IN EFFECT
FTC Guides for Use of Environmental Marketing Claims▸
FTC Green Guides (last revised 2012; substantive update under review 2023–2024) govern environmental marketing claims in the United States. Specific guidance covers: 'recycled content' (must specify percentage and pre/post-consumer source), 'pre-owned' and 'refurbished' (cannot imply like-new condition without basis), 'sustainable' (requires substantiation across the full product lifecycle), and carbon offset claims. Violations are enforceable as deceptive practices under FTC Act Section 5. Penalty: up to $51,744 per violation per day.
European Union
CSDDD (2024/1760)
2027
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence▸
Mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence across global supply chains. Large EU company obligations from July 2027.
ESPR (2024/1781)
IN EFFECT
Ecodesign for Sustainable Products▸
Digital Product Passports and unsold goods ban. Buyers are building DPP infrastructure now.
EU EPR Textiles
IN EFFECT
Extended Producer Responsibility — Textiles▸
EU member states required to establish textile EPR collection and recycling schemes by January 2025 (Revised WFD 2018/851). Brands bear financial responsibility for end-of-life collection and sorting.
EU FLR (2024/3015)
2027
EU Forced Labour Regulation▸
Bans all products made with forced labour from the EU market. Applies to goods produced domestically and imported. Investigation and mandatory withdrawal mechanism. Full application from 2027.
Directive 2024/1610/EU
JUL 2026
EU Right to Repair Directive▸
Directive (EU) 2024/1610 (entered into force July 2024, transposition by July 2026) creates a legal right to repair for consumers. Manufacturers must: supply spare parts and repair tools at reasonable prices; make repair manuals publicly available; offer repair services for at least 5–10 years after product sale; provide a European Repair Information Form (ERIF) with transparent repair costs. Initial product scope: washing machines, dishwashers, refrigerators, TVs, smartphones. Extended scope — including textiles and apparel — expected under the ESPR framework.
Textile Act
IN EFFECT
EU 1007/2011▸
Fibre composition and animal origin disclosure.
United Kingdom
CMA Green Claims
IN EFFECT
UK Green Claims Code▸
Substantiation before marketing claims (anti-greenwash).
ASA CAP/BCAP Code
IN EFFECT
UK Advertising Standards Authority — CAP & BCAP Codes▸
The CAP Code (non-broadcast) and BCAP Code (broadcast) require all UK advertising to be legal, decent, honest, and truthful. ASA has published specific guidance on environmental claims (2023): ads must not imply a product's overall environmental impact is neutral or positive without robust lifecycle evidence. Upheld rulings require advertisers to hold substantiating evidence before publication — not after a complaint. Penalty: ad removal, referral to Trading Standards, and reputational sanctions.
DMCC Act 2025
IN EFFECT
Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act▸
From 6 April 2025 the CMA has direct enforcement powers — fines up to 10% of global turnover — for misleading sustainability claims, without requiring a court order. Supersedes guidance-only Green Claims Code enforcement.
Australia
Seamless
IN EFFECT
Australia Textile Stewardship▸
Circularity levy and material stewardship mapping.